This gene catalog has been applied successfully to the study of microbiome associations in different clinical contexts 7, revealing microbial composition signatures linked to type 2 diabetes 8, obesity 9 and other diseases 10. The Integrated Gene Catalog (IGC) 5 was subsequently created, combining the sequence data available from the HMP and the Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract (MetaHIT) 6 consortium. Hundreds of genomes from bacterial species with no sequenced representatives were obtained as part of this project, allowing their use for the first time in reference-based metagenomic studies. The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) 4 was a pioneering initiative to enrich knowledge of human-associated microbiota diversity. Hence, establishing a comprehensive collection of microbial reference genomes and genes is an important step for accurate characterization of the taxonomic and functional repertoire of the intestinal microbial ecosystem. However, incomplete reference data that lack sufficient microbial diversity 3 hamper understanding of the roles of individual microbiome species and their functions and interactions. The human gut microbiome has been implicated in important phenotypes related to human health and disease 1, 2.
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